深基坑围护桩最大间距分析

排桩式结构是目前基坑支护工程中应用最广泛的形式，合理选取桩距可节省支护工程造价。引用土拱概念分析基坑排桩支护结构，提出的悬臂式排桩支护结构桩净距的计算公式，通过工程实例进行验算，证明比较合理。     

影响地板辐射换热能力若干因素的分析

影响冷暖辐射地板系统的几个重要因素有供水温度、室内设计温度、埋管管距、埋管管径和地面层材料.通过实验,利用数值模拟的方法分析在一定条件下各因素与地板表面平均温度及平均热流密度之间的关系,并总结各影响因素间的相互关系.     

岩石撞击的热红外成像探测研究进展与方向

岩石撞击的热红外成像探测是遥感技术的一项新颖而颇具潜力的应用，亦是遥感-岩石力学交叉学科的重要研究内容。分析岩石撞击热红外成像探测的试验技术原理与特点，介绍前期试验探索成果及新近研究进展。主要包括：热红外技术用于固体撞击瞬态过程监测的试验探索、Hopkinson压杆撞击（包括不同角度、含水岩石靶元的撞击）、岩石与岩石之间的撞击、不同类型岩石的落球撞击、基于红外辐射特征的撞击参数反演研究以及矿山诱灾分析的应用基础研究。讨论岩石撞击辐射升温的物理机制，包括岩石破裂作用机制、岩石热弹效应以及岩石物理学机制。指出岩石撞击热红外成像探测的未来发展方向为辐射规律与物理机制、定量分析与遥感模型、谱段优选与实用技术。     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

润扬大桥悬索桥索塔结构动力特性实测

润扬长江公路人桥是我国在建规模最大的索支承结构，索塔作为其中一个重要的结构组成部分，掌握其结构动力特性，可以完善理论分析模型，从而为全桥模型的建立和进一步建立润扬大桥结构安全健康监测系统提供最原始的指纹数据。本次测试是在严格符合各项操作规程的条件下，采用环境激励法完成的，在对测试数据进行统计分析后，获得了索塔结构动力特性，并在此基础上，修正了理论模型。然后，对模型进行了有限元模态分析，所得结果与测试结果比较，相当接近，误差极小，证实了理论模型的正确性和可靠性。并在实测结果和理论模型分析结果的基础上，建立了索塔的有限元杆系模型，通过对其进行模态分析，结果进一步论证了理论实体模型的精确性。     

变频调速供水方式的优势

结合某高层供水系统的改造，介绍了高层建筑给水方式的选择，阐述了水泵变频调速给水的原理以及优势，具有广阔的发展前景。     

Anaerobic microbial mobilization and biotransformation of arsenate adsorbed onto activated alumina

Due to the enactment of a stricter drinking water standard for arsenic in the United States, larger quantities of arsenic will be treated resulting in larger volumes of treatment residuals. The current United States Environmental Protection Agency recommendation is to dispose spent adsorbent residuals from arsenic treatment into non-hazardous municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. The potential of microorganisms to alter the speciation affecting the mobility of arsenic in the disposal environment is therefore a concern. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the potential of an anaerobic microbial consortium to biologically mobilize arsenate (As(V)) adsorbed onto activated alumina (AA), a common adsorbent used for treating arsenic in drinking water. Three anaerobic columns (0.27 l) packed with 100 g dry weight of AA containing 0.657 mg adsorbed As(V) (expressed as arsenic) per gram dry weight were continuously flushed with synthetic landfill leachate for 257 days. The fully biologically active column was inoculated with methanogenic anaerobic sludge (10 g volatile suspended solids l(-1) column) and was operated with a mixture of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the feed (2.5 g chemical oxygen demand l(-1) feed). At the end of the experiment, 37% of the arsenic was removed from the column, of which 48% was accounted for by arsenical species identified in the column effluent. The most important form of arsenic eluted was arsenite (As(III)), accounting for nearly all of the identified arsenic in periods of high mobilization. Additionally, two methylated metabolites, methylarsonic acid and dimethylarsinic acid were observed. Mobilization of arsenic is attributed to the biological reduction of As(V) to As(III) since literature data indicates that As(III) is more weakly adsorbed to AA compared to As(V). Batch and continuous assays confirmed that VFA, present in landfill leachates, served as an electron donating substrate supporting enhanced rates of As(V) reduction to As(III). Two control columns, lacking inoculum and/or VFA in the feed displayed low mobilization of arsenic compared to the fully biologically active column. Therefore, leachates generated in MSW landfills could potentially result in the biologically catalyzed mobilization of arsenic from As(V)-laden drinking water residuals.     

数值模拟联合算法及其在润扬大桥可靠度评估中的应用

为了定量研究大跨桥梁在外界随机因素作用下的结构安全性,实现在线状态的可靠度评估,利用可靠度的随机有限元法对润扬大桥悬索桥在正常运营和损伤等多种工况下的结构可靠度进行了数值模拟和可靠度评估。分析中采用蒙特卡罗重要抽样法和中心复合响应面法的联合算法作为数值模拟的基本工具,介绍了联合算法的具体实现途径、随机变量的参数定义并对大跨桥梁基于可靠度指标的评估准则进行了讨论。得到了多个随机变量的概率灵敏度、主要失效模式所对应的可靠度指标及其相应的状态等级。算例分析结果表明,基于随机有限元的可靠度分析方法可以较好地描述大跨桥梁的非线性特征,联合算法的应用提高了可靠度分析的效率和精度,其结果为润扬大桥悬索桥的状态评估和健康监测提供了参考。     

辐射、对流和导热的联合模拟方法在建筑中庭空调系统设计中的应用

对于具有大面积玻璃围护结构的建筑中庭，由于太阳辐射强、室内空间大等问题，导致热环境的控制非常复杂。对于这类建筑的空调系统设计，计算流体力学（CFD）等数值模拟方法的应用有着广阔的发展前景，但已有的数值计算方法复杂，通用性差，仅能被少数计算流体力学领域专业研究人员所掌握，这一因素大大制约了数值模拟方法的在实际工程中的广泛应用。本文对相关数值模拟方法进行了分析和总结，建立了一套简单快速的并具有合理准确性的通用联合模拟方法，并开发出相应的联合模拟计算程序。通过将模拟计算结果与实验结果进行比较，该方法的准确性得到了验证，同时将该方法应用于中庭空调系统的优化设计，表明了其在实际工程应用中的可行性。     

国家大剧院钢管劲性柱的制管实践

本文对武钢高性能耐火耐候建筑用钢WGJ510C2在国家大剧院钢管劲性柱的制管实践进行了归纳和总结。结果表明：按照管线钢管规范，采用合适的工艺流程，WGJ510C2钢适用于国家大剧院工程用高频直缝电阻焊钢管的制造，各项性能指标完全合格。